ABSTRACT
Atropine [AT] and oximes, alone or in combination, have been proven greatly valuable therapeutics in the treatment of organophosphates intoxications. An injectable mixture of AT andobidoxime [OB] was formulated for the administration by automatic self-injector. The aqueous single dose solution contained 275 mg obidoxime chloride and 2.5 mg atropine sulfate per 1 mL [220 mg and 2 mg per 0.8 effective doses, respectively]. The final solution was sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 µm pore size filter. This more concentrated solution allowed using a smaller size and lighter weight cartridge. Quality control tests, including assay of the two major compounds were performed separately, using reversed-phase HPLC methods. Besides, the stability test was carried out according to ICH guideline for the accelerated test. The obtained results showed that the proposed formulation is stable over a period of 2 years after preparation
ABSTRACT
A rapid, sensitive and reproducible HPLC method using amperometric detector was developed and validated for the analysis of clarithromycin in human plasma. The separation was achieved on a monolithic silica column [MZ- C8 125×4.0 mm] using acetonitrile- methanol-potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer [40:6:54,v/v], with pH of 7.5, as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The assay enables the measurement of clarithromycin for therapeutic drug monitoring with a minimum quantification limit of 20 ng/mL. The method involves simple, protein precipitation procedure and analytical recovery was complete. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.1-6 [micro]g/mL. The coefficients of variation for inter-day and intra-day assay were found to be less than 6%. This method was used in bioequivalency and pharmacokinetic studies of the test [generic] product 2 × 500 mg clarithromycin tablets, with respect to the reference product
ABSTRACT
A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of aflatoxin B1 [AFB1] in foods using a monolithic column with sample clean up on an immunoaffinity column. The method was validated for analysis of AFB1 in rice, bread, puffed corn snack, wheat flour and peanut samples. The average recoveries for AFB1 in different foods ranged from 94.4 to 102.5% with the coefficient of variation lower than 10% for all foods. Limit of detection was 0.01 ng/g. A survey of AFB1 was performed on 90 samples collected from Tehran retail market in June 2005. The results showed that none of the bread and wheat flour samples were contaminated with AFB1. The mean AFB1 levels in rice, puffed corn snack and peanut samples were 4.17, 0.11, and 1.97 ng/g, respectively. The level of contamination of 3 samples [one rice sample and two peanuts samples] to AFB1 was found to be higher than 5 ng/g. Although all food samples had mean concentration of AFB1 below the maximum tolerated level in Iran, the mean intake of AFB1 from rice was estimated 3.49 times higher than the guidance value of 1 ng AFB1/Kg body weight/day. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to monitor AFB1 in foods, especially in rice, in Iran. This is the first study on exposure assessment of Iranian population to AFB1
ABSTRACT
Thumb is with a special role in hand function. Therefore, in addition to the significance of using thin, pliable, color-matched, and hairless cover in resurfacing the lesion in this area, recovery of sensation should also be taken into consideration. Thirteen patients with thumb degloving injuries were candidates for sensate reverse island radial forearm surgery. After transferring the flap, forearm lateral sensory nerve was sewn to the thumb digital nerve. At least for two years, these patients received regular diagnosis, and monofilament, static two point discrimination [S- 2PD], and moving two point discrimination [M-2PD] tests were taken from them. Monofilament test did not show normal sensation recovery, at protective sensation threshold, in the parents. The difference between monofilament test and normal thumb was statistically significant [p<0.0001]. In spite of this, the protective sensation was restored in all flaps after two years. According to the results from S-2PD and M-2PD tests, the restored sensation was at protective threshold or reduced, and the difference was statistically significant [p<0.0001]. Given difficulties of performing free flaps, and also deficiencies of pedicle flaps, the forearm radial island flap is known as one of the primary choices in most of the thumb soft tissue and hand defects reconstruction, due to its advantages, especially restoring the sensation of the injured site